Coccinea and cochineal are both derived from the Latin word coccinus, meaning scarlet. That in turn is related to the Greek kokkos which had several meanings, one of which was ‘gall of kermes oak’. Kermes oak is native to the Mediterranean area and Kermes scale insects produce galls that were used to produce a crimson dye. For a long time the standard classical Greek dictionary for use by English-speaking students and scholars was that by Henry Liddell & Robert Scott and, if you’re keen, you can see the kokkos entry at - https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dko%2Fkkos. Wikipedia’s entry about kermes dye is here - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kermes_(dye).
Fascinating. I am interested. I listen and look for root words in plant names that English shares as it helps me remember the scientific names. When I started in Landcare 2 years ago my convenor suggested I learn the scientific names as the common names are inexact and can be confusing. Very good advice I find. I’ll check it out. Thanks
And some Australian history ... Cochineal is also made by South American scale insects, used by Aztecs and later by Spanish invaders. This insect was brought to Australia in 1788 to start a local industry that would destroy the Spanish monopoly of red dye for military uniforms (redcoats). The insects did not fare very well but their host plants did extremely well - prickly pear.