I recorded this to show the terminal buds, different from the spines on https://canberra.naturemapr.org/sightings/4571071. I thought this helped distinguishing between Manchurian pear and Callery pear, but perhaps it is just different cultivars. Forest 87 at the National Arboretum Pyrus calleryana 'Chanticleer' does not have spines (not that I looked closely).
Mike, the lack of spines may mean this is Manchurian. @MichaelMulvaney says if he sees spines it is Callery, and if no spines he says it is Manchurian. I assume he means on seed grown saplings because as you say the planted cultivars - at the Arboretum, street trees, don't have spines. Don't know what criteria @tapirlord uses.
Even for seed grown saplings, I don't think lack of spines is definitive proof that the sapling pear is not Callery. After all the US breeders of thornless varieties selected them from populations derived from thorny parents.
There are many varieties planted in Australia. Manchurian pear (Pyrus ussuriensis) and Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana) can interbreed. They are closely related species within the Pyrus genus and are capable of cross-pollination, especially when planted near each other. (Copilot AI)
Citation: Bell, R.L., Itai, A. 2011. Pyrus. In: Kole, C., editor. Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. p. 147-177. May be what Copilot AI found. Quote "There are at least 26 widely recognized primary species and 10 naturally occurring interspecific hybrid taxa, which are distributed in Europe, temperate Asia and mountainous areas of northern Africa. All species of Pyrus are intercrossable, and there are no major incompatibility barriers to interspecific hybridization." Manchurian and Callery seem to come from different geographic regions in east Asia, so there are no natural hybrids between them listed. But the possibility they could occur certainly exists in Canberra.