Useful field differences are Spike size & proportions, which are different. T. orientalis is chunkier and blunt-ended, rarely tapers. T. domingensis is narrow, and often tapers. There is a side by side photo in Sainty and Jacobs (2004) Waterplants in Australia that illustrates this.
Thanks for the clarification Jane. I don't have that book, but I have Waterplants of NSW by the same authors. Same photo, page 214. We have had a lot of trouble with Typha sightings, and we could review a few of them in that light.
Ah yes, they used the photo in various editions and publications over several years.
There are other 'field' differences: leaf width (broad v narrow); leaf colour (glaucous v non-glaucous); height range (if short and flowering then T. domingensis); spike colour (duller v chestnut); habit (robust v finer); leaf habit (stiff, erect v sometimes twisted); gap between male-female infloresences (longer v smaller). The issue (limitation) of all these is they are relative or overlapping rather than discrete and absolute, so work best when species are side by side (as at LakeBG). But the usefulness of colour and size is constrained when plants are stressed or soil conditions unusual. The floras mention auricles but, personally, that wsa never useful in the field. The introduced T. latifolia (not in local CNM area) is distinctive by its spike colour.