Plants
Lilies & Irises
Sighting 4354234

Burchardia umbellata

Milkmaids at Denman Prospect, ACT

Burchardia umbellata at Denman Prospect, ACT - 29 Oct 2020
Burchardia umbellata at Denman Prospect, ACT - 29 Oct 2020
Request use of media

Identification history

Burchardia umbellata 31 Oct 2020 michaelb
Unidentified 30 Oct 2020 AaronClausen

Identify this sighting

Please Login or Register to identify this sighting.

3 comments

michaelb wrote:
   31 Oct 2020
A good find !!
AaronClausen wrote:
   31 Oct 2020
Thanks MB. I've seen a few more around, now that I know they must be a good plant, I'll report any others. I thought they were a weed!
michaelb wrote:
   31 Oct 2020
Goodo, they only occur on quality sites.

Please Login or Register to comment.

Nearby sightings

Page 1 of 2 - image sightings only

109 0 140
Junonia villida (Meadow Argus) at Block 402 - 30 Mar 2024 by RodDeb

Junonia villida

RodDeb
Corcorax melanorhamphos (White-winged Chough) at Block 402 - 12 Feb 2024 by RodDeb

Corcorax melanorhamphos

RodDeb
Phaulacridium vittatum (Wingless Grasshopper) at Block 402 - 12 Feb 2024 by RodDeb

Phaulacridium vittatum

RodDeb
Philemon corniculatus (Noisy Friarbird) at Block 402 - 12 Feb 2024 by RodDeb

Philemon corniculatus

RodDeb
Endotricha pyrosalis (A Pyralid moth) at Block 402 - 26 Dec 2023 by Miranda

Endotricha pyrosalis

Miranda
Oecophoridae (family) (Unidentified Oecophorid concealer moth) at Block 402 - 26 Dec 2023 by Miranda

Oecophoridae (family)

Miranda
Culladia cuneiferellus (Crambinae moth) at Block 402 - 25 Dec 2023 by Miranda

Culladia cuneiferellus

Miranda
Anoplognathus porosus (Porosus Christmas beetle) at Block 402 - 24 Dec 2023 by Harrisi

Anoplognathus porosus

Harrisi
Myiagra rubecula (Leaden Flycatcher) at Block 402 - 14 Dec 2023 by brettguy80

Myiagra rubecula

brettguy80
Epicoma contristis (Yellow-spotted Epicoma Moth) at Block 402 - 10 Dec 2023 by SWishart

Epicoma contristis

SWishart
Tettigoniidae (family) (Unidentified katydid) at Block 402 - 1 Dec 2023 by Christine

Tettigoniidae (family)

Christine
Phyllotocus rufipennis (Nectar scarab) at Block 402 - 1 Dec 2023 by Christine

Phyllotocus rufipennis

Christine
Paropsis pictipennis (Tea-tree button beetle) at Block 402 - 1 Dec 2023 by Christine

Paropsis pictipennis

Christine
Castiarina subpura (A jewel beetle) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 30 Nov 2023 by Harrisi

Castiarina subpura

Harrisi
Castiarina sexplagiata (Jewel beetle) at Block 402 - 19 Nov 2023 by Miranda

Castiarina sexplagiata

Miranda
Anilicus xanthomus (A click beetle) at Block 402 - 19 Nov 2023 by Miranda

Anilicus xanthomus

Miranda
Rutilia (Ameniamima) argentifera (A Bristle fly) at Block 402 - 19 Nov 2023 by Miranda

Rutilia (Ameniamima) argentifera

Miranda
Tachyglossus aculeatus (Short-beaked Echidna) at Stromlo, ACT - 11 Oct 2023 by AJB

Tachyglossus aculeatus

AJB
Tachyglossus aculeatus (Short-beaked Echidna) at Stromlo, ACT - 11 Oct 2023 by AJB

Tachyglossus aculeatus

AJB
Lomandra multiflora (Many-flowered Matrush) at Stromlo, ACT - 8 Oct 2023 by AaronClausen

Lomandra multiflora

AaronClausen
Zanda funerea (Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Jun 2023 by Christine

Zanda funerea

Christine
Schoenus apogon (Common Bog Sedge) at Stromlo, ACT - 22 Sep 2022 by Ned_Johnston

Schoenus apogon

Ned_Johnston
Luzula meridionalis (Common Woodrush) at Stromlo, ACT - 22 Sep 2022 by Tapirlord

Luzula meridionalis

Tapirlord
Senecio phelleus (Rock Fireweed) at Stromlo, ACT - 22 Sep 2022 by Tapirlord

Senecio phelleus

Tapirlord
Nesoptilotis leucotis (White-eared Honeyeater) at Stromlo, ACT - 18 Jul 2022 by Harrisi

Nesoptilotis leucotis

Harrisi
Pyrrholaemus sagittatus (Speckled Warbler) at Stromlo, ACT - 14 Jul 2022 by Harrisi

Pyrrholaemus sagittatus

Harrisi
Petroica boodang (Scarlet Robin) at Stromlo, ACT - 24 Jun 2022 by Harrisi

Petroica boodang

Harrisi
Laccaria sp. (Laccaria) at Stromlo, ACT - 21 May 2022 by trevorpreston

Laccaria sp.

trevorpreston
Chrysolina quadrigemina (Greater St Johns Wort beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Mar 2022 by MatthewFrawley

Chrysolina quadrigemina

MatthewFrawley
Paropsisterna cloelia (Eucalyptus variegated beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 27 Jan 2022 by trevorpreston

Paropsisterna cloelia

trevorpreston
Dichromodes estigmaria (Pale Grey Heath Moth) at Stromlo, ACT - 24 Jan 2022 by tpreston

Dichromodes estigmaria

tpreston
Paropsisterna beata (Blessed Leaf Beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 14 Jan 2022 by tpreston

Paropsisterna beata

tpreston
Aedes sp. (genus) (Mosquito) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Jan 2022 by tpreston

Aedes sp. (genus)

tpreston
Arcyria sp. (genus) (A slime mould) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Jan 2022 by tpreston

Arcyria sp. (genus)

tpreston
Stemonitales (Order) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Jan 2022 by trevorpreston

Stemonitales (Order)

trevorpreston
Pedois (genus) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Jan 2022 by trevorpreston

Pedois (genus)

trevorpreston
Avena sp. (Wild Oats) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Jan 2022 by tpreston

Avena sp.

tpreston
Platyptilia celidotus (Plume Moth) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Jan 2022 by tpreston

Platyptilia celidotus

tpreston
Zizina otis (Common Grass-Blue) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Jan 2022 by tpreston

Zizina otis

tpreston
Acrida conica (Giant green slantface) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston

Acrida conica

tpreston
Phaulacridium vittatum (Wingless Grasshopper) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston

Phaulacridium vittatum

tpreston
Brachyexarna lobipennis (Stripewinged meadow grasshopper) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston

Brachyexarna lobipennis

tpreston
Mutusca brevicornis (A broad-headed bug) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston

Mutusca brevicornis

tpreston
Acrida conica (Giant green slantface) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston

Acrida conica

tpreston
Acrida conica (Giant green slantface) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston

Acrida conica

tpreston
Acrida conica (Giant green slantface) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston

Acrida conica

tpreston
Acrida conica (Giant green slantface) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston

Acrida conica

tpreston
Gastrimargus musicus (Yellow-winged Locust or Grasshopper) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston

Gastrimargus musicus

tpreston
Paropsisterna cloelia (Eucalyptus variegated beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston

Paropsisterna cloelia

tpreston
Trachymela sp. (genus) (Brown button beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston

Trachymela sp. (genus)

tpreston
Epicoma contristis (Yellow-spotted Epicoma Moth) at Stromlo, ACT - 1 Jan 2022 by tpreston

Epicoma contristis

tpreston
Paropsis pictipennis (Tea-tree button beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 1 Jan 2022 by tpreston

Paropsis pictipennis

tpreston
Zizina otis (Common Grass-Blue) at Stromlo, ACT - 20 Dec 2021 by tpreston

Zizina otis

tpreston
Paropsisterna octosignata (Eucalyptus leaf beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Dec 2021 by tpreston

Paropsisterna octosignata

tpreston
Paropsisterna cloelia (Eucalyptus variegated beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Dec 2021 by trevorpreston

Paropsisterna cloelia

trevorpreston
Praxibulus sp. (genus) (A grasshopper) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Dec 2021 by tpreston

Praxibulus sp. (genus)

tpreston
Tricoryne elatior (Yellow Rush Lily) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Dec 2021 by trevorpreston

Tricoryne elatior

trevorpreston
Brachyexarna lobipennis (Stripewinged meadow grasshopper) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Dec 2021 by tpreston

Brachyexarna lobipennis

tpreston
Cyperus eragrostis (Umbrella Sedge) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Dec 2021 by tpreston

Cyperus eragrostis

tpreston
Trifolium campestre (Hop Clover) at Stromlo, ACT - 3 Dec 2021 by tpreston

Trifolium campestre

tpreston
Briza minor (Shivery Grass) at Stromlo, ACT - 3 Dec 2021 by tpreston

Briza minor

tpreston
Verbascum thapsus subsp. thapsus (Great Mullein, Aaron's Rod) at Stromlo, ACT - 30 Nov 2021 by tpreston

Verbascum thapsus subsp. thapsus

tpreston
Epidesmia hypenaria (Long-nosed Epidesmia) at Stromlo, ACT - 30 Nov 2021 by tpreston

Epidesmia hypenaria

tpreston
Austrostipa scabra (Corkscrew Grass, Slender Speargrass) at Stromlo, ACT - 30 Nov 2021 by tpreston

Austrostipa scabra

tpreston
Chrysolina quadrigemina (Greater St Johns Wort beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 30 Nov 2021 by tpreston

Chrysolina quadrigemina

tpreston
Trifolium arvense (Haresfoot Clover) at Stromlo, ACT - 30 Nov 2021 by tpreston

Trifolium arvense

tpreston
Linaria pelisseriana (Pelisser's Toadflax) at Stromlo, ACT - 30 Nov 2021 by tpreston

Linaria pelisseriana

tpreston
Centaurium sp. (Centaury) at Stromlo, ACT - 30 Nov 2021 by tpreston

Centaurium sp.

tpreston
Wahlenbergia multicaulis (Tadgell's Bluebell) at Stromlo, ACT - 30 Nov 2021 by tpreston

Wahlenbergia multicaulis

tpreston
Trifolium resupinatum (Persian Clover, Shaftal Clover) at Stromlo, ACT - 30 Nov 2021 by tpreston

Trifolium resupinatum

tpreston
Servaea sp. (genus) (Unidentified Servaea jumping spider) at Stromlo, ACT - 24 Nov 2021 by trevorpreston

Servaea sp. (genus)

trevorpreston
Hypericum perforatum (St John's Wort) at Stromlo, ACT - 23 Nov 2021 by tpreston

Hypericum perforatum

tpreston
Paropsisterna beata (Blessed Leaf Beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 23 Nov 2021 by tpreston

Paropsisterna beata

tpreston
Ramaria sp. (A Coral fungus) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 30 May 2021 by tpreston

Ramaria sp.

tpreston
Diplopoda (class) (Unidentified millipede) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 30 May 2021 by trevorpreston

Diplopoda (class)

trevorpreston
Hednota bivittella (Webworm) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 6 Mar 2021 by tpreston

Hednota bivittella

tpreston
Sphex sp. (genus) (Unidentified Sphex digger wasp) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 10 Dec 2020 by Harrisi

Sphex sp. (genus)

Harrisi
Castiarina erythroptera (Lycid Mimic Jewel Beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 8 Dec 2020 by Harrisi

Castiarina erythroptera

Harrisi
Belenois java (Caper White) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 15 Oct 2020 by AaronClausen

Belenois java

AaronClausen
Microseris walteri (Yam Daisy, Murnong) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 18 Sep 2020 by AaronClausen

Microseris walteri

AaronClausen
Petroica boodang (Scarlet Robin) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 25 May 2020 by MatthewFrawley

Petroica boodang

MatthewFrawley
Scleroderma sp. (Scleroderma) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 29 Apr 2020 by AaronClausen

Scleroderma sp.

AaronClausen
Glenoleon meteoricus (Patch-wing Glenoleon) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 8 Apr 2020 by tpreston

Glenoleon meteoricus

tpreston
Panesthia australis (Common wood cockroach) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 8 Apr 2020 by tpreston

Panesthia australis

tpreston
Lichenomphalia chromacea (Yellow Navel) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 8 Apr 2020 by tpreston

Lichenomphalia chromacea

tpreston
Junonia villida (Meadow Argus) at Block 402 - 30 Mar 2024 by RodDeb
Corcorax melanorhamphos (White-winged Chough) at Block 402 - 12 Feb 2024 by RodDeb
Phaulacridium vittatum (Wingless Grasshopper) at Block 402 - 12 Feb 2024 by RodDeb
Philemon corniculatus (Noisy Friarbird) at Block 402 - 12 Feb 2024 by RodDeb
Endotricha pyrosalis (A Pyralid moth) at Block 402 - 26 Dec 2023 by Miranda
Oecophoridae (family) (Unidentified Oecophorid concealer moth) at Block 402 - 26 Dec 2023 by Miranda
Culladia cuneiferellus (Crambinae moth) at Block 402 - 25 Dec 2023 by Miranda
Anoplognathus porosus (Porosus Christmas beetle) at Block 402 - 24 Dec 2023 by Harrisi
Myiagra rubecula (Leaden Flycatcher) at Block 402 - 14 Dec 2023 by brettguy80
Epicoma contristis (Yellow-spotted Epicoma Moth) at Block 402 - 10 Dec 2023 by SWishart
Tettigoniidae (family) (Unidentified katydid) at Block 402 - 1 Dec 2023 by Christine
Phyllotocus rufipennis (Nectar scarab) at Block 402 - 1 Dec 2023 by Christine
Paropsis pictipennis (Tea-tree button beetle) at Block 402 - 1 Dec 2023 by Christine
Castiarina subpura (A jewel beetle) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 30 Nov 2023 by Harrisi
Castiarina sexplagiata (Jewel beetle) at Block 402 - 19 Nov 2023 by Miranda
Anilicus xanthomus (A click beetle) at Block 402 - 19 Nov 2023 by Miranda
Rutilia (Ameniamima) argentifera (A Bristle fly) at Block 402 - 19 Nov 2023 by Miranda
Tachyglossus aculeatus (Short-beaked Echidna) at Stromlo, ACT - 11 Oct 2023 by AJB
Tachyglossus aculeatus (Short-beaked Echidna) at Stromlo, ACT - 11 Oct 2023 by AJB
Lomandra multiflora (Many-flowered Matrush) at Stromlo, ACT - 8 Oct 2023 by AaronClausen
Zanda funerea (Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Jun 2023 by Christine
Schoenus apogon (Common Bog Sedge) at Stromlo, ACT - 22 Sep 2022 by Ned_Johnston
Luzula meridionalis (Common Woodrush) at Stromlo, ACT - 22 Sep 2022 by Tapirlord
Senecio phelleus (Rock Fireweed) at Stromlo, ACT - 22 Sep 2022 by Tapirlord
Nesoptilotis leucotis (White-eared Honeyeater) at Stromlo, ACT - 18 Jul 2022 by Harrisi
Pyrrholaemus sagittatus (Speckled Warbler) at Stromlo, ACT - 14 Jul 2022 by Harrisi
Petroica boodang (Scarlet Robin) at Stromlo, ACT - 24 Jun 2022 by Harrisi
Laccaria sp. (Laccaria) at Stromlo, ACT - 21 May 2022 by trevorpreston
Chrysolina quadrigemina (Greater St Johns Wort beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Mar 2022 by MatthewFrawley
Paropsisterna cloelia (Eucalyptus variegated beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 27 Jan 2022 by trevorpreston
Dichromodes estigmaria (Pale Grey Heath Moth) at Stromlo, ACT - 24 Jan 2022 by tpreston
Paropsisterna beata (Blessed Leaf Beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 14 Jan 2022 by tpreston
Aedes sp. (genus) (Mosquito) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Jan 2022 by tpreston
Arcyria sp. (genus) (A slime mould) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Jan 2022 by tpreston
Stemonitales (Order) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Jan 2022 by trevorpreston
Pedois (genus) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Jan 2022 by trevorpreston
Avena sp. (Wild Oats) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Jan 2022 by tpreston
Platyptilia celidotus (Plume Moth) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Jan 2022 by tpreston
Zizina otis (Common Grass-Blue) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Jan 2022 by tpreston
Acrida conica (Giant green slantface) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston
Phaulacridium vittatum (Wingless Grasshopper) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston
Brachyexarna lobipennis (Stripewinged meadow grasshopper) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston
Mutusca brevicornis (A broad-headed bug) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston
Acrida conica (Giant green slantface) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston
Acrida conica (Giant green slantface) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston
Acrida conica (Giant green slantface) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston
Acrida conica (Giant green slantface) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston
Gastrimargus musicus (Yellow-winged Locust or Grasshopper) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston
Paropsisterna cloelia (Eucalyptus variegated beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston
Trachymela sp. (genus) (Brown button beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 12 Jan 2022 by tpreston
Epicoma contristis (Yellow-spotted Epicoma Moth) at Stromlo, ACT - 1 Jan 2022 by tpreston
Paropsis pictipennis (Tea-tree button beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 1 Jan 2022 by tpreston
Zizina otis (Common Grass-Blue) at Stromlo, ACT - 20 Dec 2021 by tpreston
Paropsisterna octosignata (Eucalyptus leaf beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Dec 2021 by tpreston
Paropsisterna cloelia (Eucalyptus variegated beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Dec 2021 by trevorpreston
Praxibulus sp. (genus) (A grasshopper) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Dec 2021 by tpreston
Tricoryne elatior (Yellow Rush Lily) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Dec 2021 by trevorpreston
Brachyexarna lobipennis (Stripewinged meadow grasshopper) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Dec 2021 by tpreston
Cyperus eragrostis (Umbrella Sedge) at Stromlo, ACT - 13 Dec 2021 by tpreston
Trifolium campestre (Hop Clover) at Stromlo, ACT - 3 Dec 2021 by tpreston
Briza minor (Shivery Grass) at Stromlo, ACT - 3 Dec 2021 by tpreston
Verbascum thapsus subsp. thapsus (Great Mullein, Aaron's Rod) at Stromlo, ACT - 30 Nov 2021 by tpreston
Epidesmia hypenaria (Long-nosed Epidesmia) at Stromlo, ACT - 30 Nov 2021 by tpreston
Austrostipa scabra (Corkscrew Grass, Slender Speargrass) at Stromlo, ACT - 30 Nov 2021 by tpreston
Chrysolina quadrigemina (Greater St Johns Wort beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 30 Nov 2021 by tpreston
Trifolium arvense (Haresfoot Clover) at Stromlo, ACT - 30 Nov 2021 by tpreston
Linaria pelisseriana (Pelisser's Toadflax) at Stromlo, ACT - 30 Nov 2021 by tpreston
Centaurium sp. (Centaury) at Stromlo, ACT - 30 Nov 2021 by tpreston
Wahlenbergia multicaulis (Tadgell's Bluebell) at Stromlo, ACT - 30 Nov 2021 by tpreston
Trifolium resupinatum (Persian Clover, Shaftal Clover) at Stromlo, ACT - 30 Nov 2021 by tpreston
Servaea sp. (genus) (Unidentified Servaea jumping spider) at Stromlo, ACT - 24 Nov 2021 by trevorpreston
Hypericum perforatum (St John's Wort) at Stromlo, ACT - 23 Nov 2021 by tpreston
Paropsisterna beata (Blessed Leaf Beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 23 Nov 2021 by tpreston
Ramaria sp. (A Coral fungus) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 30 May 2021 by tpreston
Diplopoda (class) (Unidentified millipede) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 30 May 2021 by trevorpreston
Hednota bivittella (Webworm) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 6 Mar 2021 by tpreston
Sphex sp. (genus) (Unidentified Sphex digger wasp) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 10 Dec 2020 by Harrisi
Castiarina erythroptera (Lycid Mimic Jewel Beetle) at Stromlo, ACT - 8 Dec 2020 by Harrisi
Belenois java (Caper White) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 15 Oct 2020 by AaronClausen
Microseris walteri (Yam Daisy, Murnong) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 18 Sep 2020 by AaronClausen
Petroica boodang (Scarlet Robin) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 25 May 2020 by MatthewFrawley
Scleroderma sp. (Scleroderma) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 29 Apr 2020 by AaronClausen
Glenoleon meteoricus (Patch-wing Glenoleon) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 8 Apr 2020 by tpreston
Panesthia australis (Common wood cockroach) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 8 Apr 2020 by tpreston
Lichenomphalia chromacea (Yellow Navel) at Denman Prospect, ACT - 8 Apr 2020 by tpreston

1  2 

Location information

Sighting information

  • 1 - 3 Abundance
  • 29 Oct 2020 04:10 PM Recorded on
  • AaronClausen Recorded by

Species information

  • Burchardia umbellata Scientific name
  • Milkmaids Common name
  • Not Sensitive
  • Rare or uncommon native
  • Non-Invasive
  • Up to 832.1m Recorded at altitude
  • 150 images trained Machine learning
  • In flower
  • External link More information

Record quality

  • Images or audio
  • More than one media file
  • Confirmed by an expert moderator
  • Nearby sighting(s) of same species
  • GPS evidence of location
  • Description
  • Additional attributes
2,153,636 sightings of 19,948 species in 6,489 locations from 11,437 contributors
CCA 3.0 | privacy
We acknowledge the Traditional Owners of this land and acknowledge their continuing connection to their culture. We pay our respects to their Elders past and present.